Quantitatively, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob Thoob Ntiaj Teb (IEA) yav dhau los tau tshaj tawm "Special Report on Photovoltaic Global Supply Chain", uas qhia tau tias txij li xyoo 2011, Tuam Tshoj tau nqis peev ntau dua 50 billion US dollars los nthuav cov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom siv photovoltaic, uas yog 10 zaug. uas yog Europe.Tuam Tshoj tau tsim ntau tshaj 300,000 txoj haujlwm tsim khoom;Tuam Tshoj lub photovoltaic manufacturing kev lag luam occupies tsawg kawg yog 80% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntau lawm muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv silicon, silicon ingots, wafers mus rau cov hlwb thiab modules, cov uas qis tshaj plaws yog cov khoom siv silicon (79.4%), thiab Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog silicon ingot (96.8%).IEA tau kwv yees ntxiv tias los ntawm 2025, Tuam Tshoj lub peev xwm tsim khoom hauv qee qhov txuas yuav suav txog 95% lossis ntau dua.

Tsis xav tias IEA yuav siv "dominate" los piav txog cov xwm txheej ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam photovoltaic, thiab txawm hais tias nws ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub ntiaj teb photovoltaic cov saw hlau. tsoom fwv yuav tsum tau hais txog. "Yog tias koj saib nws zoo, nws tseem nthuav ntxiv uas cov lus tawm tswv yim hauv "New York Times" suav nrog Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam photovoltaic yog qhov kev hem thawj loj.Qhov kawg "kev xav kev hem thawj" tseem yuav yog 5G.

Tab sis lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tsis yog tib qhov txuas hauv PV tus nqi saw hlau tswj hwm los ntawm Suav tuam txhab.Kab lus no tsom mus rau lwm qhov tsis tshua paub, tab sis cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb sib npaug hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic - lub photovoltaic inverter.

Inverter, lub plawv thiab lub hlwb ntawm photovoltaics

Lub photovoltaic inverter tuaj yeem hloov qhov ncaj qha tam sim no los ntawm lub hnub ci cell module rau hauv alternating tam sim no nrog adjustable zaus thiab yuav siv tau rau ntau lawm thiab lub neej.Lub inverter tseem yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua kom lub zog tsim hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob photovoltaic thiab muab kev tiv thaiv kev ua txhaum, suav nrog tab sis tsis txwv rau kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg thiab kev kaw haujlwm, lub zog siab tshaj plaws kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm, ntau txoj haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kab sib txuas, thiab lwm yam. .

Hauv lwm lo lus, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm photovoltaic inverter kuj tseem tuaj yeem sau tseg raws li kev taug qab lub zog tso zis ntau tshaj plaws ntawm photovoltaic module array, thiab pub nws lub zog rau hauv daim phiaj nrog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws kev hloov pauv thiab lub zog zoo tshaj plaws.Yog tias tsis muaj "lub plawv thiab lub hlwb" ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic, hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm lub hnub ci tam sim no yuav tsis muaj rau tib neeg.

Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev lag luam saw, lub inverter yog nyob rau hauv lub downstream ntawm lub photovoltaic kev lag luam, thiab nws nkag mus rau hauv cov kev sib txuas nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim lub hwj chim tsim system (txawm li cas los xij).

Los ntawm tus nqi taw tes ntawm kev pom, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm photovoltaic inverters hauv tus nqi tsis siab.Feem ntau, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic yog siab tshaj qhov loj hauv av fais fab nroj tsuag.

Tam sim no photovoltaic inverters muaj ntau hom kev faib tawm, uas muaj ntau dua thiab yooj yim rau kev nkag siab, thiab muaj qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam.Muaj plaub hom: centralized, hlua, faib thiab micro inverters.Ntawm lawv, micro-inverter yog qhov txawv ntawm lwm yam peb li, thiab tsuas yog siv tau rau hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic me me, xws li tsev photovoltaics, thiab tsis haum rau cov tshuab loj loj.

Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev lag luam sib koom, cov hlua inverters tau ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, lub hauv paus inverters nyob rau qib thib ob nrog qhov sib txawv loj, thiab lwm hom suav nrog tsawg heev.Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm CPIA, hlua inverters account rau 69.6%, centralized inverters account rau 27.7%, faib inverters muaj kev lag luam sib faib txog 2.7%, thiab micro inverters tsis pom.txheeb cais.

Yog vim li cas vim li cas tam sim no cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau yog ntawm cov hlua hom yog tias: qhov kev khiav hauj lwm voltage yog dav thiab lub zog tsim muaj peev xwm muaj zog nyob rau hauv tsawg lub teeb;ib qho inverter tswj ob peb lub roj teeb, feem ntau tsuas yog kaum tawm, uas yog ntau me dua li lub hauv nruab nrab inverter Tus naj npawb ntawm ntau txhiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev poob siab tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tag nrho cov hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob yog qhov tsawg;Kev khiav hauj lwm thiab kev saib xyuas cov nqi qis, qhov kev kuaj xyuas qhov txhaum yog qhov yooj yim, thiab thaum muaj qhov yuam kev tshwm sim, lub sij hawm daws teeb meem luv luv, thiab qhov tsis ua hauj lwm thiab kev saib xyuas ua rau poob qis.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias ntxiv rau cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj, kev lag luam photovoltaic kuj tseem muaj ntau yam kev thov tshwj xeeb, thiab muaj ntau hom kev faib hluav taws xob, xws li tsev neeg photovoltaics, Hoobkas ru tsev photovoltaic, lub tsev siab siab photovoltaic. curtain phab ntsa, thiab lwm yam.Rau tej chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic, lub xeev kuj muaj cov phiaj xwm sib xws.Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Txoj Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm rau Carbon Peaking hauv Nroog thiab Kev Tsim Kho Hauv Nroog tau muab los ntawm Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development thiab National Development and Reform Commission thaum Lub Xya Hli, nws tau hais tias los ntawm 2025, cov tuam tsev tshiab rau pej xeem, lub ru tsev. photovoltaic kev pab them nqi ntawm lub Hoobkas tsim tshiab yuav ncav cuag 50%.Cov xwm txheej sib txawv muaj cov kev xav tau sib txawv rau photovoltaic inverters, thiab nrog kev txhim kho sai ntawm kev lag luam photovoltaic, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev lag luam tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej, ua rau kev lag luam qauv ntawm photovoltaic inverters tsis paub meej.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev lag luam loj, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias vim ntau tshaj ib lub tuam txhab ua lag luam hauv kev lag luam inverter tsis tau teev tseg, cov ntaub ntawv qhia tsis tiav tau ua rau qee yam teeb meem kev txheeb cais, uas ua rau muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm ntau lub koom haum vim yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm caliber.

Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev lag luam loj, raws li kev txheeb cais ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj: IHS Markit's PV inverter xa khoom hauv 2021 yog kwv yees li 218GW, ib xyoos ib zaug nce li ntawm 27%;Wood Mackenzie cov ntaub ntawv yog ntau tshaj 225GW, Ib xyoos ib zaug nce ntawm 22%.

Yog vim li cas vim li cas tam sim no kev lag luam photovoltaic inverter muaj kev sib tw loj heev yog vim qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tus nqi coj los ntawm kev tswj tus nqi ruaj khov ntawm cov lag luam hauv tsev.Nyob rau theem no, yuav luag txhua hom inverter nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj muaj ib tug zoo meej tus nqi kom zoo dua, thiab tus nqi ib watt tsuas yog hais txog 50% los yog txawm 20% ntawm cov nqi txawv teb chaws.

Kev txo nqi thiab nce efficiency yog cov kev taw qhia ntawm optimization

Nyob rau theem no, cov hluav taws xob photovoltaic inverters tau tsim muaj qee qhov kev sib tw kom zoo dua, tab sis tau kawg qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias tsis muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntxiv hauv kev lag luam.Txoj kev txo nqi nyiaj rau yav tom ntej photveroltaic inverters yuav tsom rau peb yam: Nroog Intrict txhim kho thiab thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tus nqi qauv, cov ntaub ntawv ncaj qha ntawm photovoltaic inverters account rau ib tug heev feem ntau, tshaj 80%, uas yuav roughly muab faib ua plaub qhov chaw: fais fab semiconductors (tsuas yog IGBTs), mechanical parts (yas qhov chaw, tuag castings, radiators, Sheet hlau qhov chaw, thiab lwm yam), cov khoom siv (cov ntaub ntawv insulating, cov khoom ntim, thiab lwm yam), thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob (capacitors, inductors, integrated circuits, thiab lwm yam).Tus nqi dav dav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv photovoltaic inverters yog qhov cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim khoom tsis yog siab, kev lag luam kev sib tw twb txaus lawm, kev txo nqi ntxiv yog qhov nyuaj, thiab qhov chaw sib txuas lus kuj tseem txwv, uas tsis tuaj yeem muab ntau. pab kom txo tus nqi ntxiv ntawm inverter.

Tab sis cov khoom siv semiconductor txawv.Fais fab semiconductors account rau 10% mus rau 20% ntawm tus nqi ntawm inverter.Lawv yog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus kom paub txog DC-AC inverter muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub inverter, thiab ncaj qha txiav txim siab hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv.Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev cuam tshuam kev lag luam siab ntawm IGBTs, theem ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm theem no tsis siab.

Qhov no ua rau lub zog semiconductors muaj zog tus nqi zog dua li lwm yam khoom siv.Nws tseem yog lub ntiaj teb semiconductor tsis txaus thiab tus nqi nce txij li xyoo 2021 uas tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm inverters, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tag nrho ntawm cov khoom lag luam feem ntau poob qis.Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm domestic semiconductors, kev lag luam inverter yuav tsum paub txog kev hloov hauv zos ntawm IGBTs yav tom ntej thiab ua tiav tag nrho cov nqi txo.

Qhov nce ntawm lub zog ntom ntom yog hais txog kev tsim cov khoom siv nrog lub zog siab dua nyob rau hauv tib qhov hnyav, lossis cov khoom sib zog nyob rau hauv tib lub zog, yog li diluting tus nqi ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob / cov khoom siv pabcuam thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus nqi txo.Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov khoom lag luam, qhov tam sim no ntau yam inverters yog qhov tseeb tas li txhim kho lub zog ntsuas thiab lub zog ceev.

Technological iteration yog qhov yooj yim.Kev lag luam inverter tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tswj hwm tus nqi thiab qhib cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua cov khoom tsim, txo cov khoom siv, txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, thiab hloov mus rau cov khoom siv tau zoo dua.

Lub ntiaj teb tom ntej, lub zog cia?

Ntxiv nrog rau photovoltaics, lwm txoj kev lag luam kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam inverter tam sim no yog qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog kub cia.

Kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic, muaj kev sib cuam tshuam thiab tsis muaj zog.Txuas mus rau lub zog cia tshuab kom ua tiav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tas mus li thiab ruaj khov yog qhov kev daws teeb meem dav dav.

Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog tshiab, lub zog hloov pauv qhov system (PCS; qee zaum hu ua lub zog cia inverter rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev nkag siab) tau los ua.PCS yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas txuas lub roj teeb thiab lub zog hluav taws xob kom paub txog kev hloov pauv ntawm hluav taws xob bidirectional.Nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog hloov pauv tam sim no mus rau qhov tam sim no ncaj qha los them lub roj teeb thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom, tab sis kuj hloov cov tam sim no ncaj qha hauv lub roj teeb cia rau hauv qhov hloov pauv tam sim no thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom siab tshaj plaws thiab txuas rau daim phiaj..

Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau dua, daim phiaj hluav taws xob muaj kev ua haujlwm siab dua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob khaws cia, ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv, uas tuaj yeem yog ze li ob npaug ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tib yam photovoltaic inverters.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov haujlwm nyuaj tseem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua.

Raws li txoj cai, txawm hais tias qhov ntsuas tag nrho tsis loj heev, lub zog cia inverter twb tau pom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tag nrho muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li photovoltaic inverter.

Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm kev lag luam, kev lag luam txawv teb chaws lub zog cia tau pib ua ntej, thiab qhov kev thov muaj zog dua li hauv Suav teb.Cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv tsev tseem tsis tau tsim kom muaj kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv roj teeb thiab cov inverter hauv kev lag luam.Txawm li cas los xij, kev lag luam nplai ntawm lub zog cia inverters nyob rau theem no tsis loj, thiab muaj qhov sib txawv loj nrog photovoltaic inverters.Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv kev sib tw ntawm cov tuam txhab hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv kev lag luam.

Rau cov lag luam, txawm hais tias muaj qee qhov kev cuam tshuam, kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm lub zog cia inverters thiab photovoltaic inverters muaj tib lub hauv paus chiv keeb, thiab nws tsis yooj yim rau cov tuam txhab hloov pauv.Thiab nyob rau hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev, tau tsav los ntawm kev lag luam thiab txoj cai, lub zog cia kev lag luam tau nkag mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev loj hlob sai, nrog kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam muaj zog, uas yog ib qho kev lag luam loj heev rau cov tuam txhab inverter.

Qhov tseeb, ntau lub tuam txhab tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov kev cia siab zoo ntawm lub zog cia kev lag luam.Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ua tau zoo hauv 2021, lub zog cia kev lag luam kab ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab tau pom tias muaj kev loj hlob zoo.Txawm hais tias qhov kev loj hlob no muaj qee qhov kev sib raug zoo nrog lub hauv paus qis, nws yog qhov txaus los ua pov thawj tias kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj feem xyuam nrog kev tsim khoom muaj qhov tseeb, thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias nws muaj kev lag luam zoo thiab kev loj hlob.

Lub neej yav tom ntej tus nqi txo txoj kev ntawm lub zog cia inverters kuj tseem meej, uas tsis txawv heev ntawm photovoltaic inverters.Nws tsom rau kev txo cov nqi ntawm cov khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog semiconductors.Txij li tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv ntau dua, cov khoom tsim hauv tsev Cov nqi txo cov txiaj ntsig coj los ntawm kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem nthuav dav ntxiv.

Yog tias cov tuam txhab inverter nrawm rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob khaws cia, tso siab rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub zog cia kev lag luam thiab tsim kom muaj kev sib tw zoo ntawm daim phiaj-txuas inverters, peb muaj txhua qhov laj thawj los ntseeg tias kev lag luam hauv zos muaj txhua lub sijhawm los cia siab rau Tuam Tshoj. Qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom, kev tsim tawm ntawm kev vam meej ntawm kev lag luam photovoltaic nyob rau hauv lub zog cia cov nqi saw, thiab kev lag luam kev vam meej ntawm cov lag luam hauv tsev kuj yog cov txiaj ntsig zoo.